The composite material was first synthesized by Na-bentonite（Bent） intercalated with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTMAB)、cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM) through two-step wet method. The composition、morphology and structure characteristics were analysed by XRD、FESEM、IR、BET and TG-DTG-DSC，and it was used to absorb simulated phosphorous wastewater. The results indicated that CPAM was intercalated into the lamellar structure of Na-bentonites steadily, the layer spacing was significantly increased，the infrared spectrum showed obvious carbonyl absorption peaks, the specific surface area of the sample decreased and surface hydrophobicity was enhanced after intercalation. The results of adsorption of phosphorous wastewater showed that the order of adsorbability was: CPAM/Bent > CTMAB/Bent > Bent, with the increase in reaction temperature、the initial concentration of phosphorous wastewater and the decrease of pH value, the removal rate of phosphorus with CPAM/Bent was gradually increased. While in the condition of initial concentration of 3.5 mg/L、pH of about 5、temperature of 35 ℃、adding amount of 0.5 g/100 mL, the removal rate of phosphorus were 75 % after twenty minutes. After five times adsorption and regeneration, the adsorption ability of CPAM/Bent to phosphorus decreased significantly. The adsorption isotherms could be described by Langmuir and Freundlich equations, The adsorption process could be better satisfied with the pseudo-second order kinetic equation.