According to the structural characteristics of compounds containing 1,2, 4-triazole moiety, the research progress on antiepileptic activities of fused heterocyclic and non-fused heterocyclic compounds is summarized. The relationship between different structural types with antiepileptic activities and neurotoxicity is emphatically analyzed. It is concluded that 1,2,4-triazole fused quinoline derivatives, quinazoline derivatives and triazole thione derivatives are valuable for further research and development due to their good activity and low toxicity. Finally, the future research directions of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with antiepileptic activity are prospected.