Vermiculite is considered to be a promising non-metallic mineral in China. With two-dimensional (2D) lay-ered material structure function and high expansion performance, new functional materials of vermiculite could be designed and synthesized according to the actual needs. However, the research problems are the stability and control of the nano-scale structural for vermiculite materials. Advantages and associations of structure and properties in layered functional material are described in this paper. The structure and prop-erties of natural vermiculite are not only described, but also the research progress on the composite mate-rials of vermiculite is reviewed in recent years. Especially, the composite materials of vermiculite are de-scribed in vermiculite peeling, adsorption, catalyst carrier, organic and inorganic composites, energy stor-age, and drug carrier, which have great industrial relevance for vermiculite functional materials. The exist-ing problems in the study of functional materials of vermiculite are introduced. Finally, the research trends of this field are brought forward: the future study should be focused on vermiculite exfoliation, fabrication of multistage composite functional materials, organic-inorganic composites of vermiculite, and explora-tion of related mechanisms.