A novel scale inhibitor, polyethylene glycol ester / sodium vinyl sulfonate / acrylic acid (PEGMA-SVS-AA), was synthesized using polyethylene glycol ester (PEGMA) with sodium vinyl sulfonate (SVS) and acrylic acid (AA) monomer as raw materials. Synthesized target copolymer PEGMA-SVS-AA was using ammonium persulfate as initiator. The effect of polymerization process on the performance of calcium carbonate scale inhibition was investigated. The copolymer PEGMA-SVS-AA was determined by infrared. The experiment showed that when the monomer ratio n(PEG200MA) ): n(SVS): n(AA) is 1:3:5, the amount of ammonium persulfate is 6% of the total amount of monomers, the reaction time is 2.5 h, and the control reaction temperature is 80 °C, simulating the industrial production cycle cooling water conditions. The rate of calcium carbonate inhibition reached 89%. The effects of initiator dosage, time and reaction temperature on the performance of the synthesized water treatment agent were investigated. Carbonate scale was characterized using XRD and SEM, which not only altered the morphology of the calcium carbonate but also changed the crystal form.