In this work, sulfate-modified graphitic carbon nitride nanorods as efficient photocatalyst for H2O2 production was prepared via acid-hydrothermal method. XRD, N2 adsorption, UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, XPS, TPD, EIS, and PL were used to characterize the obtained catalysts. Sulfate modification not only influences the morphology, structure property and optical property, but also promotes the O2 adsorption ability. Sulfate modified g-C3N4 catalyst shows the H2O2 concentration of 2.7 mmol•L-1, more than 2.7 time higher than that of neat g-C3N4.