Based on the fabrication materials, this paper summarized and analyzed the structure characteristics, assembly principle and method, properties and applications of organic/organic and organic/inorganic hybrid one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs). For organic/organic 1DPCs, studies on the self-assembly of block copolymers with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain segments and the introduction of polymerizable surfactant bilayer into cross-linked polymer gel network for the preparation of one-dimensional photonic crystals are introduced. For organic/inorganic hybrid 1DPCs, both multilayer films formed by direct assembly of polymer and inorganic materials, and 1DPCs assembled with inorganic materials and then filled with flexible polymers are discussed. It can be found that 1DPCs based on polymer materials can achieve a variety of functions, and have good application prospects in flexible sensors, flexible photoelectric devices, photonic crystal paper, electronic skin, 3D printing and so on. However, the current researches on 1DPCs are limited to small-scale assemblies and the uniformity needs to be improved. So, the large-scale fabrication of uniform functional 1DPCs is an important research direction and the key to their practical applications.