A chalcone compound 1-(2-furyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one was synthesized by using 2-acetylfuran and benzaldehyde as raw material and a Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction with in alkaline solution. After examining the effects of various factors on the condensation reaction,The effect of reaction time, KOH mass fraction and molar ratio of benzaldehyde to 2-acetyl furan on yield of product FPPO was investigated by response surface experiment optimization method, and the optimum process parameters were obtained. The experimental results show that when n (benzaldehyde): n (2-acetylfuran) = 1.47:1, the reaction time is 1 h, and the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide of the catalyst is 5.75%, the yield of product FPPO is 63.3%. After the phase transfer catalyst Polyethylene glycol-400(PEG-400) 6g was added to the reaction system, the product yield was up to 88.5%.The structure was confirmed by UV, FTIR and 1H NMR.At the same time, the fluorescence performance and thermal stability of FPPO were tested by fluorescence spectrometer, DSC and TGA. The fluorescence performance test results show that FPPO has good fluorescence performance and the fluorescence intensity is 3.13 × 105 a.u. DSC and TGA results show that FPPO has good thermal stability,and heat resistant temperature is about 140 °C.