A novel composites (POSS/TX-10/Bent) were prepared by composite modification of bentonite with polyhedral oli-gomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and TX-10 nonionic surfactant as modifiers, the adsorption effect of POSS/TX-10/Bent on methylene blue was also investigated in detail. Composition and structure of composite modi-fied bentonite were characterized by XRD, XPS, EA, FTIR, SEM. The results showed that POSS and TX-10 nonionic surfactants successfully inserted into the interlayer of bentonite, which increased the interlayer spacing and hydropho-bicity of the composites. The optimum conditions were 30 ︒C, pH 6.52 (initial value), dosage 5 g/L and adsorption time 180 min., the adsorption capacity of composite modified bentonite for methylene blue was much higher than that of unmodified bentonite. The adsorption process is more in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm coincides with Langmuir, adsorption is a spontaneous endothermic process. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of the POSS/TX-10/Bent on methylene blue is 253.81 mg/g.