Under the microwave, a kind of polymer flame retardant dust suppressant was synthesized by using epoxy resin (E-51), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), styrene (St), phytic acid as raw materials, K2S2O8 and NaHSO3 as initiator, alkyl phenol ether sulfosuccinate (MS-1) and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) as emulsifier. Structural characterization and performance tests were carried out by FTIR, SEM, TGA, etc. The results show that when m(BA) : m(St) = 2 : 1, the amount of the initiator was 0.6% (based on the total mass of monomers, the same below), the amount of the emulsifier was 6%, m(MS-1) : m(OP-10) = 2 : 3, the amount of the E-51 was 6%, the amount of the phytic acid was 2%, the microwave power was 100 W, the microwave irradiation time was 90 min. The synthesized emulsion was stable, the particle size distribution was uniform, and the film formation was soft. The coal sample sprayed with flame retardant dust suppressant was compared with the coal sample sprayed with water. The water loss rate, wind erosion loss rate, shock loss rate and CO concentration decreased by 34.5%, 33.6%, 33.2% and 67%, respectively.