Inorganic/organic composites are composites formed by dispersing inorganic nanoparticles into polymer matrix. Nanocomposites are not simple mixtures of inorganic and organic phases, but two phases compounded in nanoscale. The nano-filler is used as the dispersing phase and the polymer matrix is used as the continuous phase. The dispersing phase is dispersed in the polymer matrix in an independent phase. Composite materials synthesize the thermal stability, hardness, toughness and dielectric properties of inorganic materials. By adjusting the homogeneity and degree of compounding of the composites, the optimum properties of the composites can be obtained. The addition of nanoparticles can greatly improve the mechanical properties of the materials, and has excellent catalytic performance. In this paper, the research achievements of nanocomposites in preparation methods, surface modification of nanoparticles, nano-modified particles and industrial applications in recent years are reviewed, and the development direction of nanocomposites is analyzed and prospected.