Dienones, a kind of unsaturated ketones with multiple chemical reaction sites, can achieve different types of chemical conversion with a variety of substrates, and construct organic compounds with different functions efficiently. In this paper, the chemical transformation of dienones with different substrates in recent years was reviewed. Firstly, the series of tandem Michael-Smiles cyclopropanation reaction, cycloaddition reaction, three-component Ritter reaction, photoinduced rearrangement reaction and direct oxidative coupling reaction of cyclohexa-2,5-dienone with different reagents were studied. The cyclopropane derivatives, fluoroalkylated N,O-ketal derivatives, ring-fused indoles, amides and unsymmetrical biaryls were constructed respectively. Secondly, the double Michael addition of penta-1,4-dien-3-ones with malononitrile, nitromethane, sodium hydrosulfide, oxindole, pyrazolone, fluorene and barbituric acid were analyzed, and the multi-substituted cyclohexanones, diaryltetrahydrothiopyran-4-ones, spirocyclic oxindoles, spirocyclic pyrazolones, spirofluorenes and spirobarbituric acid derivatives were synthesized. Then, we studied the 1, 4-conjugate addition, Aza-Michael addition, intramolecular Morita–Baylis–Hillman (IMBH) reaction, intramolecular reductive Aldol reaction, intramolecular Aldol reaction and intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of penta-2,4-dien-1-ones realizing the preparation of organic sulfur compounds, organic nitrogen compounds, multi-substituted indanones and key intermediate of Tofogliflozin. Finally, the potential application of dienones in the subsequent chemical reactions was prospected.