Boron nitride-based materials have long been widely used in thermal conductivity, aerospace, chemical engineering, etc. Due to the physical and chemical stability and good pore size characteristics, boron nitride-based materials have great application potential in the field of water pollution removal. Based on the research progress on the preparation and modification of boron nitride-based materials at home and abroad, this review summarizes the various methods of preparing boron nitride-based materials, compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the research status. Secondly, this article introduces the modification methods of boron nitride-based materials and the removal effect and removal mechanism of water pollutants, and further analyzes various factors that affect the adsorption performance of boron nitride-based materials. Finally, the application status of boron nitride-based materials is summarized and its development is prospected.