As an important way of energy supply, thermal energy is closely related to human’s daily life and social production. In order to improve the efficiency of the thermal energy utilization, the development of phase change energy storage materials has attracted much attention. Among them, polyurethane phase change materials solve the problems of poor formability, easy flow after phase change and extra packaging of tradition PCMs. At the same time, it has the advantages of large energy storage density, easy adjustment of phase change temperature, good processability, high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance and so on. so it has a broad application prospect. This paper classifies polyurethane PCMs according to their structural characteristics, summarized and analyzes the synthesis routes and phase change thermal storage properties, and summarized the application process of polyurethane PCMs in construction industry, intelligent textile and road traffic and other aspects, and prospects the future research work.