A long-chain alkoxyphenylhydrazone derivatives R has been synthesized and characterized through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and HR-MS. In UV-Vis and naked eye recognition experiments, the receptor R exhibited obvious spectral and color changes in response to F-, Ac- and H2PO4- in DMSO solution. Moreover, receptor R showed selectively single recognize F- in 5%H2O 95%DMSO solution. According to the Benesi-Hidebrand equation and Job curve, the complex constants of the receptor R with anions were above 3.07 ? 103 L/mol, and form a 1 : 1 hydrogen bond complex with F-. Finally, the mechanism of anion recognition process was explained through 1H NMR titration and theoretical calculation.