With the purpose of increasing camellia seed oil storage stability, camellia oil microcapsule was obtained by the complex coacervation method with whey protein (WPI), gum arabic (GA) as wall materials, and transglutaminase as curing agent. First, the optimal parameters of wall material coagulation were obtained by the single factor test using the agglomerate rate as evaluation indexes. Then the optimal preparation technology of camellia oil microcapsule was confirmed by the single factor and response surface methodology test using the microcapsule morphology and embedding rate as evaluation index. The optimum reaction condition was as follows: mass fraction of wall material 2.0%, mass ratio of WPI and GA 1:1, core wall mass ratio 0.84:1, pH of complex condensation reaction 4.3, complex condensation reaction temperature 40 ℃, stirring speed 500 r/min. Under those conditions, the embedding rate reached 89.67%. It was indicated by the infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, particle size distribution, angle of repose, POV value and thermogravimetric data that camellia oil microcapsule had good structural integrity, particle size uniformity, fluidity, dispersibility, thermal stability and oxidation stability. It was shown by the sustained release character in vitro that the slow-release mechanisms of camellia oil microcapsule in simulated gastric and intestinal juice both were Ritger-Peppas releasing model, and it was in accordance with human digestive and absorptive characteristic. Microencapsulated camellia oil protected the active ingredient of camellia oil, expanded the scope of its application, and improved its digestion and absorption effect.