Solid nanoparticles instead of traditional surfactants as emulsifier-stabilized Pickering emulsions have the advantages of high coalescence resistance, environmental friendliness, and low cost, and have broad application prospects in various fields. The idea of accurately regulating the stability of emulsions through appropriate stimulation and the research on the construction of stimulus-responsive Pickering emulsions have attracted wide attention. This article reviews the construction and stability factors of multiple stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions. Firstly, the influencing factors of Pickering emulsion and the surface modification technology of solid particle emulsifier are summarized. Then, the response mechanism and performance of various stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsion is introduced. Finally, the application of Pickering emulsion is reviewed. The problems, development and application of Pickering emulsion are analyzed and prospected.