A kind of sulfonic acid-functionalized carbon/silica (C/Si-SO3H) material was successfully synthesized at low temperature via chemically activating organic sulfonic acid precursors, which was used for catalytic production of structured phospholipids rich in short-chain fatty acids by interesterification of soybean lecithin with ethyl propionate or methyl butyrate. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount and catalyst recyclability on interesterification were investigated in detail. Besides, the structure and surface acid properties of the as-prepared C/Si-SO3H catalyst were studied by FT-IR, Raman and Boehm titration method to establish its structure-performance relationship. The results showed that a large amount of Brӧnsted acid sites were grafted onto the C/Si-SO3H surface, suggesting its prominent catalytic activity for production of structured phospholipids rich in short-chain fatty acids. Correspondingly, the propionic acid or butyric acid incorporation was up to 18.33% or 16.23% at 40 ℃ within 6 h when the catalyst loading was 7%. Notably, C/Si-SO3H catalyst was recycled for 5 times without obvious deactivation.