Cellulose diphenylphosphine polymeric ligands were synthesised from the renewable resource cellulose by P-O bond modification of hydroxyl groups in this paper. The ligands were complexed with copper acetate to prepare a new cellulose-based non-homogeneous copper catalyst with good thermal stability at a cracking temperature of about 245 ℃. The copper element was mainly present in the catalyst in the divalent form with a mass fraction 4.76%. Under air atmosphere and mild conditions, the catalyst Cell-OPPh2-Cu(Ⅱ) maintains high catalytic activity for the Chan-Lam reaction and the Ullmman reaction with the optimal yield up to 96% and 93%. The cyclic experimental studies showed that the yield drops from 96% for the first time to 86% for the eighth time in the Chan-Lam reaction, and therefore the catalysts have good stability, ease of use and high catalytic activity, and are potentially useful for the industrial synthesis of heterocyclic drug molecules.