Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used as a surfactant to prepare a microemulsion cleaning agent, and a simulation experiment was performed to clean the oil on the metal surface. The effect of the addition of SDBS, Na2CO3, kerosene, and n-butanol on the cleaning efficiency of the microemulsion was investigated. In addition, different formulations were investigated from the temperature stability range, the cleaning efficiency with temperature and time changes, and finally an optimized microemulsion formulation for treating metal surface oil stains was screened: SDBS 10%, Na2CO3 1.4%, kerosene It is 12.8% and n-butanol is 6.4% (both are mass fractions). The types and amounts of corrosion inhibitors were investigated for their protective performance on carbon steel, brass, and aluminum. Finally, 0.06% sodium silicate was used as the microemulsion corrosion inhibitor. The cleaning agent has good cleaning and anti-rust effects, and has a certain degree of reusability. It is a low-foam alkaline cleaning agent.