Abstract: Cell immobilization technology has the advantages of simple process, biocompatibility, stable operation, etc., which can effectively ensure cell viability and realize efficient cell-catalyzed production of fine chemicals. The research status and progress of traditional multi-cell immobilization methods such as surface attachment, gel embedding, and polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer self-assembled membranes in the field of fine chemical (e.g. dihydric alcohols, bioethanol, lactic acid, ester, polysaccharide) production are mainly introduced, followed with the problem analysis. Then, the mechanism, and trend of a new developing immobilization method, single-cell nano-coating, are summarized with the possible application for fine chemicals production. Finally, the technical challenges and research directions that cell immobilization technology faces in the production of fine chemicals are prospected, with a purpose to providing certain technical support for the production of fine chemicals.