Recently, membrane separation technology has been widely used in the separation and recovery of organic compounds. Pervaporation has a great prospect in the field of organic separation and recovery because of its advantages of low cost, mild conditions, simple equipment, and no pollution. It can effectively separate azeotropic mixture, near-boiling mixture, isomers, heat-sensitive compounds, and other organic compounds, which is widely used in industrial production. In this paper, the research status of preferentially permeable organic compounds was reviewed. Firstly, the influence of the material on the structure and characteristics of the membrane, the influence of preparation and modification methods on membrane properties were analyzed. The application of pervaporation membrane in the separation and recovery of organic mixtures was discussed emphatically. The problems existing in pervaporation technology were summarized and the future research direction and ideas of preferentially permeable organic compounds had been prospected. With the help of new computational tools, the material selection, preparation, and modification method were emphasized, so that the pervaporation membrane will have a broader application prospect.