As a high-value green natural polymer, nanocellulose has become a good carrier for inorganic antibacterial materials due to its excellent mechanical properties, film-forming properties, high transparency, biodegradability, and good biocompatibility. The composites antibacterial films have certain mechanical strength and transparency and it could improve the stability of inorganic antibacterial agents showing potential application in the field of antibacterial functional films. Therefore, in recent years, inorganic antibacterial nanoparticles are introduced into nanocellulose matrix to prepare nanocellulose-based inorganic composite antibacterial materials, which become important research for new antibacterial materials. Based on this, the research progress focuses on the role and efficacy of nanocellulose in the preparation and application advantages of nanocellulose-based inorganic composite antibacterial films. Finally, the future of nanocellulose-based composite antibacterial films are prospected providing the guidance for the research of nanocellulose-based organic-inorganic composite materials.