A novel water-soluble Janus-type polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AS-POSS) was synthesized by thiol click reaction between acrylo polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Acrylo-POSS) and 3-mercapto-1-propane sulfonate (MPS) in one step. The water solubility of AS-POSS and the molar ratio of double bond to sodium sulfonate group can be regulated by changing the feed ratio. A series of AS-POSS/PAA/PAM hydrogels with different content of AS-POSS were prepared by copolymerization of AS-POSS with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM). When the amount of AS-POSS is 1% of the total monomer mass, the equilibrium swelling ratio of 1% AS-POSS/PAA/PAM hydrogel reaches 512, the elongation at break was 1074%, the compressive strength was 583 kPa and the compressive strain was 89%. The yield strains were 330%, which were higher than those of MBA/PAA/PAM hydrogels in the control group, indicating that the introduction of AS-POSS significantly improved the swelling degree of hydrogels, and significantly enhanced the toughness, compression resistance and dynamic mechanical properties of hydrogels. AS-POSS/PAA/PAM hydrogel has good electrical conductivity. The ionic conductivity of 25%AS-POSS/PAA/PAM hydrogel was the highest with ionic conductivity of 0.401 S/m.