In order to improve the poor temperature and salt resistance of Polyacrylamide in the field of crude oil tertiary recovery, a soap free emulsion polymerization method without using a helper solvent was developed. Trace (0.05 mol%) capsaicin derived monomer N-[3- (acryl amino methyl) -2- hydroxyl -4,5- two methyl benzyl] acrylamide (HMMAM) was used as functional monomer. New hydrophobically associating polymers PACSAM and PACIAM were synthesized by copolymerization with octadecyl methacrylate (SMA) and isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) to improve the tolerance of polyacrylamide. The structure and morphology were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, TGA and SEM; The hydrophobic association characteristics, temperature and salt resistance, solubility and corrosion inhibition of the polymer were discussed. The results showed that PACIAM and PACSAM had stable three-dimensional network structure, and the critical Association concentrations were 4.5 × 10-3 g/mL and 4 × 10-3 g/mL respectively. The introduction of trace capsaicin derived monomer increased the apparent viscosity of 0.01 g/mL polymer solution to 776 mPa·s and 1224 mPa·s at 30 ℃, the viscosity retention rates at 90 ℃ were 37.57% and 41.44%, and the viscosity retention rates in 0.01 g/mL NaCl solution were 37.57% and 42.12%, The corrosion inhibition efficiency of 4 × 10-3 g/mL polymer solution can reach 96.76% and 97.28%, indicating that the introduction of trace HMMAM greatly increases the properties of the polymer.