In order to explore the effect of solvent polarity on the composition of seabuckthorn residue extract and its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in vitro, seabuckthorn residue were used as raw materials. The content of active components in seabuckthorn residue and the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic ability in vitro were evaluated. The active components in seabuckthorn residue were identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The results show that, solvent polarity had a significant effect on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic (P<0.05). The 60% ethanol extract had the highest yield of crude extract, and the 60% ethanol extract of fruit residue had the highest total phenol content (11.08 mg/g), total flavonoids content (6.49 mg/g) and proanthocyanidin content (6.18 mg/g). The total phenol content (25.70 mg/g) in 80% ethanol extract of seed residue was the highest, and the total flavonoids content (14.23 mg/g) and proanthocyanidins content (16.87 mg/g) in acetone extract were the highest. The acetone extracts from seabuckthorn fruit and seed residue had the best inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. 80% ethanol extract from seed residue and 60% ethanol extract from fruit residue had the best combination ability of sodium glycinate and sodium taurocholate. Procyanidins are the main contributors to the activity of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic in vitro. The total polyphenols in fruit residue extract were significantly correlated with the ability of hypolipidemic. A total of 37 compounds were identified from the extract of seabuckthorn residue, mainly flavonoids and terpenes. Seabuckthorn seed residue extract has strong hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in vitro, and is expected to be used in the research and development of special food and functional food base materials.