A carboxyl terminated hyperbranched macromonomer HPAE-C was prepared from diethanolamine (DEA), methyl acrylate (MA), trimethylolpropane (TMP) and maleic anhydride (MAH). And quaternary polymer thickener PHPAE-C was synthesized from HPAE-C, acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) by aqueous solution polymerization .The structure of PHPAE-C was characterized with FTIR spectrum and1H-NMR spectrum, and the major performance and crosslinking ability of PHPAE-C were evaluated. The results showed that the viscosity of thickener solution with the concentration of 3000 mg / L was 846.7 MPa·s (The Shear rate is 7.34 s-1, 25℃), when the temperature rose to 90 ℃, the viscosity was still 570 MPa·s, and when the concentration of Na+ is 6000 mg/L and the concentration of Ca2+and Mg2+ was 600 mg/L, the viscosity was still more than 300 MPa·s.The above data showed that PHPAE-C had good viscosity increasing, temperature resistance, salt resistance and shear resistance; The optimum conditions of crosslinking were as follows: the crosslinking ratio was 100∶0.06, the crosslinking temperature was 55 ℃ and pH = 5. The performance of the fracturing fluid with the best crosslinking effect was evaluated. It was obtained that the viscosity of the system was about 450 MPa·s after continuously shearing at 120 ℃ for 80 minutes, and it was a low damage fracturing fluid system with good sand suspension and gel breaking performance.