Aerogel materials have numerous interesting features, including a high specific surface area, high porosity, low density, and low thermal conductivity, and are regarded as one of the top ten novel materials of the twenty-first century. However, due to the mechanical characteristic’s limitations of typical aerogels, it is difficult to fabricate aerogels with complicated shape structure by post-processing, limiting their practical applicability. Therefore, 3D printing technology which can customize the shape of material without complex post-treatment is predicted to become an innovative manufacturing technology that overcomes these constraints in the applications of aerogel materials. This review discusses the development of 3D printing aerogels from printing methods and material classification; summarizes the unique applications of 3D printed aerogel materials in flame retardant thermal insulation, dielectric, and tissue engineering. The future development of 3D printed aerogel materials is prospected, and it is proposed to broaden the material system of 3D aerogel materials, develop 3D printing technology more suitable for aerogel printing, enhance the printing accuracy and speed, and investigate the influence of the controllable pore structure of 3D printing aerogels on its performance. The development of 3D printing aerogel materials is expected to promote the rapid development of aerogel materials. Key words: 3D printing; aerogel; extrusion; photo-curing; development