Silicon has become an important anode material to improve energy density for lithium-ion batteries due to its higher theoretical specific capacity, low intercalation potential and abundance on earth. However, large volume expansion effect and low electrical conductivity of silicon material impede its further industrial application. In view of these problems facing the development of silicon anodes, this paper focuses on the review of Si surface modification, including surface coating, functionalization, and artificial solid electrolyte interface. These surface modification strategies and their improvement mechanism of electrochemical properties are analyzed, and the further development of silicon surface modification technology is briefly prospected in order to develop the key silicon anode materials for high energy density power lithium-ion batteries.