Graded regeneration microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were obtained by adding anhydrous ethanol with various weight in NaOH/ urea solution of MCC. The degree of polymerization of the regenerated MCC was determined by viscometer method. The structure, crystallinity, thermal stability and morphology of regenerated MCC were characterized by FTIR, XRD, XPS, TGA and SEM respectively.The results showed that the degree of polymerization of regenerated MCC decreased from 203 to 77 with the increasing grading times with ethanol. The SEM results showed that morphology of MCC changed from smooth rod fiber structure to rough and porous structure after regeneration. FTIR and XRD results indicated that the crystallization phase of regenerated MCC changed from typeⅠto type Ⅱ, and the amorphous region increased. After the third time grading by ethanol, the crystallinity of MCC decreased from 64.4% to 31.9%. XPS results showed that in regenerated MCC the binding energy and relative content of free hydroxyl group increased, resulting in the decreasing trend of crystallinity. TG results showed that the thermal stability of regenerated MCC decreased with the increasing grading times, and the initial decomposition temperature decreased from 310 °C to 257 °C after the third-time regeneration.