Compared with limited fresh water, seawater is a kind of rich resource, and its electrolysis has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, the design and development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of natural seawater or brine electrolytes has a good application prospect. This paper first analyzes the current situation and challenges faced by electrolysis of seawater, then summarizes and summarizes the design ideas and modification methods of electrocatalytic decomposition of seawater catalyst, and summarizes the latest research progress in the synthesis of efficient and stable seawater electrolysis catalyst by constructing three-dimensional layered porous structure, using protective layer and surface wettability engineering. Finally, the challenges and development direction of electrolytic seawater catalyst are summarized and prospected. In the future research, it is necessary to combine experimental research and theoretical research, so as to develop more efficient, stable and highly selective catalysts to meet the requirements of the industrial application of electrolytic seawater.