Isopentenol polyoxyethylene ether modified graphene oxide (GO-IPEG) was prepared by in situ esterification reaction, and then polycarboxylic modified graphene oxide superplasticizer (GO-PCE) was prepared by GO-IPEG and acrylic acid (AA) using the method of in situ free radical copolymerization. The molecular structure and the dispersion stability of GO-IPEG and GO-PCE were characterized by FTIR, Raman spectra, UV-vis and zeta potential. FTIR results indicate that IPEG was successfully grafted onto the surface of GO by the esterification of carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups, and then GO-IPEG fabricated with acrylic acid by in situ free radical polymerization. The results of UV-vis and zeta potential show that the the better dispersion properties of GO in polycarboxylic matrix depending on the steric resistance effect of IPEG. The results of cement and concrete show that saturated adsorption can be achieved when the solid content of GO-PCE is 0.15% (by mass of cement), and the fluidity of cement paste can reach 280 mm, the 28 d compressive strength of concrete is 57 MPa, and the 28 d shrinkage rate is 190 × 10-6, and the 28 d electric flux is 1950 C.