Phthalocyanine (Pc) core with large ring π electron highly conjugated structure has the potential characteristics of self-assembly and has strong absorption in the visible light region. Modified phthalocyanine derivatives have been used in liquid crystal display, solar cells, nonlinear optics and other optoelectronic materials. The behavior of the liquid crystal phase can be changed by modifying the phthalocyanine core. The most representative modification is the central cavity cation coordination of the phthalocyanine core and the addition of a peripheral substituent group. The modified phthalocyanine derivatives have obvious column self-assembly trend, disk mesophase is easy to form, and the electron transmission ability between conjugated layers is enhanced, so they have the basic properties as photoelectric materials. In this paper, the research progress of phthalocyanine derivative discotic liquid crystal materials in the past decade is reviewed, and the structure-activity relationship between the structure modification of phthalocyanine core and its liquid crystal properties is analyzed and summarized. Finally, the defects and research directions of phthalocyanine derivative discoid liquid crystals in the synthesis of high-performance materials are prospected.