Cellulose has attracted the attention of researchers because of its biocompatibility, flexibility, degradability and recyclability. Conductive hydrogels based on the cellulose are novel flexible material, which has been widely used in electronic materials and biomedical applications with their good electrical conductivity, excellent self-healing properties and high mechanical properties. The research progress of cellulose-based conductive hydrogels is reviewed, with emphasis on their preparation methods, properties and applications. Finally, the challenges and future development prospects of cellulose-based conductive hydrogels are described.