Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of porous crystalline organic materials connected by covalent bonds. Due to the excellent properties of COFs materials, they have a wide range of applications in the environmental field. In this paper, the synthesis and modification of COFs and the application of COFs and their derivatives in the field of environmental remediation are summarized, and the existing problems and future research directions of COFs materials in the field of environmental remediation are discussed and prospected.