The number and variety of solid waste have increased as a result of socioeconomic growth and human activity, and resourcization of solid waste has gained popularity across the globe. Waste resourcization has a lot of space for improvement against the backdrop of double carbon, which emphasizes the growth of the circular economy. Uranium(VI)-containing radioactive wastewater is produced by the nuclear industry's rapid advancement of nuclear technology, and it can be treated with adsorbent materials made of solid waste to achieve the goal of "treating waste with waste", reducing environmental pollution issues and promoting sustainable development. This paper introduces the preparation and modification methods of solid waste adsorbent materials, the mechanism of uranium removal, and summarizes some of the main solid waste adsorbent materials that can be used in uranium removal, such as agricultural and forestry solid waste, industrial solid waste, and municipal solid waste. It also provides an outlook on the future research direction of uranium adsorbent materials. It is pointed out that the uranium adsorption materials will be developed in the direction of efficient adsorption, green environmental protection and high added value.