GOM/Poly(AAPBA-DMAA-co-AAm) microgels with glucose-sensitive properties are proposed as emulsifiers in Pickering emulsions, providing a wider application for the use of functionalized microgels with specific response behaviors. The morphological structure and elemental composition of the microgels were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy-X-ray energy spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). By regulating the content of propylene-based graphene oxide (GOM) in microgels and the content of microgels in the aqueous phase, O/W-type stable Pickering emulsions with uniform particle size distribution and good dispersion were fabricated with glucose sensitivity. The in vitro simulated drug release using insulin as a model loaded drug showed that the cumulative release rate of insulin could reach 44.69% when the concentration of glucose was 6 mM and 94.21% when the concentration of glucose was increased to 40 mM.