In this paper, sodium alginate (Na-Alg) was grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and the structure and properties of alginate hydrogel were adjusted by photoinitiated radical polymerization and bivalent cationic (M2+，M represents Ca or Ba) coordination crosslinking. The results of 1H NMR analysis showed that the hydrogen signal associated with GMA appeared in Alg-GMA. In the presence of photoinitiator Irgacure 2959, Alg-GMA can form hydrogel rapidly by irradiation of ultraviolet light with wavelength of 365nm in 90s. The results of SEM and compressive stress-strain showed that Ca2+ and Ba2+ could regulate the structure and properties of the photo-crosslinking alginate gel grafted by GMA, which may be related to the dsp2 hybridization mode of Ca2+ in the planar quadrate configuration and d2sp3 hybridization mode of Ba2+ in the regular octahedral configuration. The results of in vitro release experiments showed that both Ca-Alg-GMA and Ba-Alg-GMA had the ability of intestinal targeted drug release. The hemolysis rate and MTT test showed that Ca-Alg-GMA and Ba-Alg-GMA had good blood compatibility and low cytotoxicity. This study expands the preparation method of new materials based on alginate and its application space in the field of biomedicine, and provides theoretical basis and experimental support.