In order to improve the service life of the shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM), the self-healing temperature-sensitive phase change hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization method using water and ionic liquid (IL) as PCM, N-isopropylacrylamide as the monomer, and chitosan (COS) as an additive, and the introduction of 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) to form a quadruple hydrogen bonds dimer. The chemical structure and micromorphology of the phase change hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and TEM, and self-healing, swelling, and thermal properties of the phase change hydrogels were also measured. The results showed that the phase change hydrogel had a porous structure. The internal pore size was 18~38 μm, and the microgel core-shell size was 2~4 μm. The phase change hydrogels showed temperature sensitivity. As the temperature increased, the viscoelasticity of the phase change hydrogel became stronger, which not only maintains the basic shape but also prevents the leakage of the phase change material. The phase change hydrogels had a phase change temperature range from -10 °C to 0 °C. The phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity of phase change hydrogel could reach up to 252.9 J/g and 0.52 W/(m?K). The rheological experiment indicated that phase change hydrogel (S-EBIL3, the mass ratio of IL to H2O is 3∶10) had a self-healing efficiency of 95.5% within 30 s.