Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous crystalline materials with periodic mesh structures, which are synthesized by the coordination of inorganic metal ions or ionic clusters with organic ligands. Among many MOFs materials, Fe-based Materials of Institute Lavoisier Frameworks (MILs) are widely used in medicine, sensing, catalysis and other fields due to their excellent biocompatibility, unique skeleton flexibility, outstanding specific surface area and high stability. In order to further enhance the practical applications of Fe-based MILs and related materials and expand their application scopes, the structures and properties of Fe-based MILs are generally optimized via innovative synthesis methods, structural modifications, and compounding with other materials. In the present paper, the classification and structural characteristics of Fe-based MILs were discussed. Additionally, the common syn-thesis and modification methods of Fe-based MILs are reviewed, and the applications of Fe-based MILs in drug carriers, sensing, adsorption, and catalysis are summarized. Finally, the advantages and limitation of Fe-based MILs are discussed, and their development trends are prospected.