Gelatin is a natural polymer substance with a wide range of sources and low price, and its important source is derived from biological sources such as animal skin, bone and tendons, as well as waste leather chips produced during the tanning process. Because of the outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability of gelatin, it is widely used in flexible electronics, medicine and other industrial fields. Electrospinning technology is a common way to prepare micro- and nano-scale fibers, which has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and mild conditions, and has become one of the main ways to prepare micro- and nano-scale fiber materials. The gelatin fiber prepared by this method has high specific surface area and length-diameter ratio, the porosity and mechanical strength of the fiber film can be adjusted, and the sensing, antibacterial, self-healing and filtration properties can be obtained after spinning with other substances, which greatly expands its application prospect. This article summarizes the development status of electrospinning technology, the process parameters and composite methods of preparing composite fiber materials with gelatin as raw material, and introduces in detail the application status of gelatin-based electrospinning materials in many fields. Finally, prospects the development trend and application prospects of gelatin-based electrospinning materials.