Cellulose-based extraction material (Cell-COOH) was prepared from cellulose using acid anhydride modification for the enrichment of amphetamine in urine, and a solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography based on Cell-COOH was established for the determination of amphetamine drugs in urine. The structure of Cell-COOH was characterized by modern analytical methods. Solid-phase extraction conditions were also optimized. Specificity, interference resistance and reusability of Cell-COOH were tested, and the feasibility of the method was verified. The results showed that the surface of Cell-COOH contained carboxyl functional group, showing good adsorption to amphetamine. The method showed good specificity and anti-interference ability under the interference of other abused drugs and urine co-existing ions, and the extraction efficiency could remain above 92% after seven cycles of use. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the linear range of the method was among 0.01~2 mg/L (R2=0.9973%), and the limit of detection was 2.5 μg/L with the quantification limit of 8 μg/L. The recovery rate of amphetamine could reach 74.41~82.14% when using Cell-COOH as solid phase extractant in actual urine, and the relative deviation at the 3 spiked levels was 2.32~6.85%.