A copper-based metal-organic framework, MOF-505, was prepared by solvent-thermal synthesis method, and selected to be used in the extraction oxidation desulfurization system. Its structure and stability were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, XPS and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. The catalytic desulfurization of the simulated oil containing sulfides such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) was investigated, and the sulfur content of was monitored by HPLC. As a result, the optimal conditions were as follows: the volume of DBT simulated oil was 5 mL, the volume of acetonitrile extractant was 5 mL, the volume of hydrogen peroxide was 200 μL, the amount of MOF-505 catalyst was 25 mg, the reaction time was 60 min at 90℃. And the desulfurization rate was up to 95.50% for DBT, 66.88% for benzothiophene (BT) and 78.93% for 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). After 6 catalytic desulfurization cycles, the catalytic desulfurization rate of MOF-505 for DBT simulated oil remained above 91%, indicating excellent recyclability.