Hyperuricemia. The HUA rat model was established with potassium oxonate. Allopurinol was used as positive drug control. Rosa roxburghii tratt extract was divided into low, medium, and high-dose groups. Non-targeted qualitative analysis of rat serum was performed using LC-MS technology, and multivariate statistical methods was used to analyze rat serum data and screen for differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed using the MBRole 2.0 pathway analysis function. The results showed that different rosa roxburghii tratt extract doses could reduce uric acid levels in HUA rats, and 242 metabolites were identified in the serum. Under the criteria of variable importance projection value (VIP>1), P (p-value) value<0.01, and fold change (FC ≥ 2), a total of 44 significantly different metabolites were screened, with a total of 58 metabolic pathways associated with different metabolites. The reduction of uric acid by rosa roxburghii tratt extract may be related to its inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and regulation of serum lipid and amino acid metabolism. This provides a certain theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of HUA in rosa roxburghii tratt.