The in vitro antioxidant activity of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extracts was evaluated using DPPH? scavenging capacity and total reducing power as indicators, and its ability to be an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was examined by the inhibition ability of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extracts on acetylcholinesterase. The results showed that five different ethanol volume fractions of (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%) Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extracts showed good antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity. The DPPH? scavenging rates, total reducing power, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extracts with 60% ethanol reached maximum values of (85.80±1.39) %, 3.06±0.18, and (97.14±0.809) % as antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The screened Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extracts showed strong inhibitory ability against acetylcholinesterase with a half inhibitory concentration（IC50） of (1.086±0.144) mg/mL and a mixed reversible type of inhibition against acetylcholinesterase based on the kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition that was more competitive than non-competitive. The results of AutoDock molecular docking also indicated that the active ingredients of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves have a certain docking affinity with acetylcholinesterase. Dose-effect correlation analysis showed a favorable correlation (P<0.05) between the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extracts and the functional components, and it showed that polyphenols played a major role in antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitors.