Supported catalysts are widely used in important fields such as petrochemicals and fine chemicals, among which the support function is extremely crucial. Porous spherical alumina carriers account for the largest share in industrial carriers due to their numerous crystal forms, excellent pore structure, and stable chemical properties. However, their performance is closely related to the corresponding pore structure and its hydrothermal stability. This work mainly summarizes the recent research progress on the pore structure and the corresponding hydrothermal stability control strategies of spherical alumina both domestically and internationally. On the one hand, it focuses on the regulation rules of carrier pore structure from three aspects: Al2O3 precursor, oil ammonia column forming process, and post-treatment. On the other hand, it discusses the regulation mechanism and enhancement methods of alumina pore structure hydrothermal stability, such as surface hydroxyl passivation and γ-Al2O3 content. It may provide suggestions for the regulation of pore structure and hydrothermal stability of high-value spherical alumina industrial carriers in China, with the aim of breaking through relevant key technologies and building an independent intellectual property system.