LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers are a class of temperature-sensitive polymers in which the polymer chains exhibit an extended solvation state before the phase transition temperature and a contracted aggregation state after the phase transition temperature. The intelligent and reversible response to the stimulation of ambient temperature change has led to the intensive study of LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers in the fields of organic chemistry, materials science, biomedicine and oil and gas industry. By categorizing LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers with different spatial conformations, the research progress of LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers with linear structures, temperature-sensitive hydrogels, block structures, grafted composite structures, and other special structures is presented. Combined with the characteristics of LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers with different spatial conformations, the current applications of LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers in drilling fluids, such as low-temperature rheology control, temperature-sensitive intelligent plugging, viscosity enhancement and cutting, and leakage prevention and plugging, are systematically introduced. The application status of LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers in drilling fluids is analyzed and summarized, the key problems of LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers are clarified, and the application prospects of LCST-type temperature-sensitive polymers in drilling fluids are proposed.