Dopamine (DA) was self-polymerized under air and TEMPO conditions to form A-PDA and T-PDA, respectively, and mixed with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), respectively, and vanillin was used as a cross-linking agent to prepare CA-P and CT-P aerogels, and composite phase change materials were obtained PEG2000 vacuum impregnation. SEM, FTIR, DSC, TG and infrared thermal imagers were used to characterize and analyze the microscopic morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability and photothermal conversion performance of aerogels. The results showed that CMC, CA-P and CT-P aerogels had good encapsulation stability against PEG2000. The addition of PDA improved the photothermal conversion efficiency of the composite phase change materials, in which PEG/CA-P reached 51.75%, while PEG/CT-P reached 76.27%. Compared with PEG/CMC and PEG/CA-P, the enthalpy of phase change of PEG/CT-P composites is closer to that of pure PEG2000, about 97%,and the energy storage effect is better. The three composite phase change materials exhibited excellent cycling stability.