Four different resins were prepared as adsorption medium for vanillin based on suspension polymerization and post-suspension double bond crosslinking, and different pore-making agents were used. The results showed that the PCL-PDE resin prepared from toluene as the pore-making agent has the best performance in the adsorption of vanillin. The static adsorption behavior of vanillin in single component aqueous solutions on the resin was systematically investigated using PCL-PDE resin as the adsorption medium. The adsorption capacity of PCL-PDE resin for vanillin was as high as 80.0 mg/g (wet resin) at an adsorption temperature of 25 °C and an initial concentration of 1.0 g/L. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of vanillin by PCL-PDE resin was a fast and then slow process, reaching equilibrium within 180 min. The highest adsorption capacity fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model was 240.4 mg/g, and the exponents n fitted by the Freundlich adsorption model were all greater than 1, indicating that the adsorption was preferential. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic process (ΔG < 0, ΔH < 0).