Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of emerging materials that have attracted much attention, which have a wide range of applications in the field of antimicrobials due to their tunable structure, high porosity, and large specific surface area. Polymer-based MOFs (PolyMOFs) composites are prepared by compositing MOFs materials with polymers, which can not only enhance their stability and mechanical strength, but also further expand their applications. This paper focuses on reviewing the research progress of polymer-based MOFs composites in antimicrobial aspects, including the preparation of MOFs materials and the main antimicrobial mechanisms and the preparation methods of polymer-based MOFs composites, and summarizes the antimicrobial applications of polymer-based MOFs composites in the fields of medical and health care, food preservation, air purification, water pollution control, and textile protection. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects for the development of polymer-based MOFs composites in the field of antimicrobial are discussed.