In order to against the backdrop of global warming and achieve China"s carbon peak and neutrality targets, finding effective CO2 capture technologies is of significant importance for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a new type of adsorbent material with highly tunable and excellent porous structures, have garnered widespread attention from researchers in the past decade. This article elaborates on the common types of MOF adsorbent materials, synthesis methods, influencing factors, and modification approaches, delving into the main drawbacks hindering the performance improvement of MOFs adsorbent materials. Besides, the optimization of the preparation conditions of hydrothermal synthesis, the construction of composite MOFs with core-shell structures, the enhancement of water resistance by introducing organic ligands with non-polar groups and the composite modification of MOFs with porous solid materials were proposed as four important research directions in the future.